100 million Americans have diabetes or prediabetes – that’s 1/3 of the U.S. population! (1) Diabetes is a serious condition that occurs when your blood sugar, also known as glucose, cannot be used up by the body and remains in the bloodstream. Long-term consequences of elevated, uncontrolled glucose include kidney damage, nerve damage, and loss of sight. Unfortunately, diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the U.S.
There are warning signs that our blood glucose may be too high, although not everyone will experience them. Let’s take a look at what they are.
Thirst and Frequent Urination
The kidneys filter and absorb nutrients. Glucose is one nutrient the kidneys reabsorb back into circulation. However, when blood glucose levels rise too high, they surpass the kidneys’ threshold for reabsorption. More urine is needed to filter glucose out. As a result, the kidneys activate your thirst signals to get you to drink more water. The more water you drink, the more likely you’re going to need to head to the bathroom.
Hunger
People with type 2 diabetes often develop insulin resistance, meaning insulin cannot do its proper job of enabling glucose into their cells. Our cells need glucose for energy, and when they can’t absorb glucose, it leads to a state of starvation. By continually seeking fuel, your cells stimulate appetite, causing you to overeat.
Fatigue
Constant fatigue is another common symptom associated with type 2 diabetes. As previously mentioned, your cells cannot obtain energy from glucose, leading to chronic fatigue.
Weight Loss
Although appetite and hunger are both activated, unexplained weight loss is also an early warning symptom of type 2 diabetes, as the body is not being properly fueled. This tends to happen very quickly, so look out for any rapid and unexplained weight loss.
Dark Spots
Dark spots called acanthosis nigricans may also develop, mainly as a consequence of insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia. They tend to form around the armpits, neck, and groin area, as seen below.
References
1. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index.html
Diana is a nationally recognized Registered Dietitian and Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES), and holds a Master’s degree in Nutrition Science and Policy from the Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition. She received her education and dietetics training from Villanova University, Tufts University, and UC San Diego Health. Diana has over 8 years of experience working in the field of type 2 diabetes.
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